Driver Education Standards of Learning Goals The purpose of driver education is to provide students with a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of driving and to foster responsible attitudes and behaviors. As a result of quality traffic-safety instruction, students will be able to Ą demonstrate a working knowledge of the laws governing the operation of a motor vehicle; Ą identify and analyze the physical and psychological conditions that affect driver performance; Ą apply knowledge, processes, and skills to become safe, competent users of the highway transportation system; Ą use visual search skills to make risk-reducing decisions by adjusting speed and/or position; Ą demonstrate balanced vehicle movement through precise and timely steering, braking, and accelerating under a variety of conditions; and Ą display responsible driving behaviors when alone and with peers. Driver Education Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools Standards DE.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of Virginia traffic laws, licensing procedures, and other responsibilities associated with the driving privilege. Key concepts include a) licensing requirements and types of licenses; b) the motor vehicle section of the Code of Virginia; c) the organ- and tissue-donation designation process. DE.2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of basic vehicle operating procedures. Key concepts/skills include a) pre-driving procedures; b) starting procedures (automatic and manual transmissions); c) vehicle information, warning, and control devices; d) vehicle securing procedures. DE.3 The student will recognize the effects of momentum, gravity, and inertia on vehicle control and balance, and the relationship between kinetic energy and force of impact. Key concepts/skills include a) seating and hand position; b) steering, braking, and acceleration; c) compensating for shifts in vehicle load (from side to side, front to rear, and rear to front) that affect vehicle performance; d) front tire traction loss (understeer) and rear tire traction loss (oversteer); e) types of collisionsŃhead-on, near-frontal, broadside, rear-end, rollover, sideswipe. DE.4 The student will demonstrate the ability to manage visibility, time, and space to avoid conflicts and reduce driving risks. Key concepts/skills include a) synthesizing information visually from the driving environment, using a space-management process; b) applying following-distance, time, and space concepts; c) selecting gap and judging distance; d) estimating passing-time and space needs; e) identifying and responding to open or closed space and changes to line-of-sight or path-of travel. DE.5 The student will demonstrate appropriate adjustments when approaching controlled and uncontrolled intersections, curves, work zones, railroad crossings, and hills with line-of-sight or path-of-travel limitations. Key concepts/skills include a) roadway signs, signals, and markings; b) right-of-way rules; c) slope/grade of terrain; d) vehicle position and speed control. DE.6 The student will identify the characteristics of an expressway and apply risk-reducing expressway driving strategies. Key concepts/skills include a) entering, merging, integrating into, and exiting from traffic flow; b) managing interchanges; c) selecting vehicle position and changing lanes; d) managing toll facilities. DE.7 The student will demonstrate the ability to communicate presence and intentions to other highway transportation users. Key concepts/skills include a) vehicle position and driver action; b) vehicle communication devices; c) hand signals (i.e., slow/stop, right and left turns). DE.8 The student will analyze and describe the physiological, psychological, and cognitive effects of alcohol and other drugs and their impact on a driverŐs awareness of risks and involvement in collisions. Key concepts include a) prescribed and over-the-counter medications; b) illegal or illicit drugs; c) effects of alcohol and other drugs on vision and space management; d) synergistic effects of drugs; e) ways alcohol is eliminated from the body. DE.9 The student will identify and analyze the legal, health, and economic consequences associated with alcohol and other drug use and driving. Key concepts/skills include a) positive and negative peer pressure; b) refusal and peer-intervention skills; c) Implied Consent, Zero Tolerance, and Use and Lose laws; d) Administrative License Revocation, loss of license, ignition interlock, and other licensing restrictions; e) court costs, insurance requirements, Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program referral, and other costs. DE.10 The student will recognize the consequences of aggressive driving and other emotions that influence driving behaviors. Key concepts include a) stress and anxiety; b) anger management; c) the relationship between aggressive driving and road rage. DE.11 The student will analyze the effects of fatigue and other physical conditions on driver performance. Key concepts include a) short- and long-term physical and mental disabilities; b) chronic health conditions; c) circadian rhythms; d) sleep deprivation. DE.12 The student will identify distractions that contribute to driver error. Key concepts include a) passengers and pets; b) vehicle accessories; c) cell phones and other portable technology devices; d) insects and animals; e) driver behaviors (e.g., eating, smoking, personal grooming). DE.13 The student will identify changes in the environment that affect visibility and traction and demonstrate an understanding of appropriate driver reaction to these risks. Key concepts/skills include a) driving at night; b) smoke- and weather-related conditions; c) road conditions and construction; d) vehicle stability and traction control systems. DE.14 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the proper use of vehicle occupant-protection features and analyze how they reduce injury severity and increase collision survival. Key concepts/skills include a) active restraint systems; b) passive restraint systems; c) child restraint systems; d) highway safety design. DE.15 The student will identify and evaluate emergency-response strategies to reduce the severity of or avoid a collision in high-risk driving situations. Key concepts/skills include a) evasive maneuvers, using braking and steering combinations; b) off-road recovery; c) front and rear traction control. DE.16 The student will identify and describe the performance characteristics of other road users and apply problem-solving skills to minimize risks when sharing the roadway with a) pedestrians and animals; b) bicycles, scooters, mopeds, and motorcycles; c) tractor-trailers, trucks, and construction vehicles; d) sport utility vehicles, recreation vehicles, and trailers; e) emergency vehicles; f) funeral processions; g) passenger and school buses; h) farm machinery and horse-drawn vehicles. DE.17 The student will compare vehicle-braking systems and explain proper braking techniques for various weather and roadway conditions. Key concepts/skills include a) conventional brake systems of small and large vehicles; b) two- and four-wheel anti-lock brake systems (ABS); c) controlled braking, trail braking, threshold braking, and antilock braking. DE.18 The student will analyze how preventive maintenance reduces the possibility of vehicle failures and recognize the warning signs that indicate the need for maintenance, repair, or replacement. Key concepts/skills include a) vehicle warning devices; b) lights and signals; c) steering and suspension systems; d) tires and braking systems; e) cooling system and belts; f) fuel and ignition electronics. DE.19 The student will identify and describe the legal aspects of and calculate the financial responsibilities associated with purchasing, operating, maintaining, and insuring a motor vehicle. Key concepts include a) Financial Responsibility Law; b) required and optional insurance coverage; c) title and vehicle registration; d) vehicle inspection; e) fuel, fluids, tires, and other maintenance costs; f) collision involvement. DE.20 The student will demonstrate competency in map-reading and trip-planning skills. Key concepts/skills include a) route planning; b) map-reading and trip-planning technologies. DE.21 The student will research and evaluate personal transportation needs and their impact on the environment, and demonstrate skills necessary to be an informed consumer. Key concepts/skills include a) printed and Internet resources; b) community resources; c) vehicle pollution, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone-causing gases, and acids; d) appropriate disposal of batteries, fluids, tires, and other environmentally hazardous materials; e) energy conservation, alternative or renewable sources of energy, and conservation of natural resources. DE.22 The student will use vehicle reference points to establish vehicle position and execute basic driving maneuvers. Key concepts/skills include a) parking; b) turning; c) establishing lane position; d) backing.